Know the anatomy and brain function

 picture of Brain Anatomy

The brain is the control center of body functions and allows us to cope with our environment. Words, actions, thoughts and feelings are in the middle of the brain. It is so complex that some theorists believe that there will never be able to fully understand. But we know that each part of the brain specific and important role, function often profoundly important, and each part contributes to the smooth functioning of our body healthy.

brainstem is located in the lower part of the brain and connects the brain to the spinal cord. Brain stem controls many vital functions, including roads motor and sensory function of the heart and respiratory system and reflexes.

Broca's area is located in the opercular and triangular bottom before. Function of this area is to understand the language, speech and neural control for the face.

The cerebellum is located in the lower back and the head is connected to the brain stem. This is the second largest structure in the brain and is composed of two hemispheres. Cerebellum controls complex motor functions like walking, balance, posture, coordination and general.

CSF, also known as PPC is a clear substance that circulates in the brain and spinal cord. It provides nutrients and serves to cushion the brain and, therefore, protect against damage. As the liquid is absorbed, most is produced from the choroid plexus, a structure located in the rooms. brain tumor can cause a buildup of cerebrospinal fluid or blocked.

The brain is the largest part of the brain and is associated with conscious thought, movement and sensation. It consists of two halves, each of which controls the opposite side of the body. Halves are connected by the corpus callosum, which delivers messages between them. Four sheets form in the brain, the frontal, temporal and parietal occipital.

Front is one of the four parts of the hemisphere of the brain. It controls attention, behavior, abstract thinking, problem solving, creative thinking, emotions, intellect, initiative, above, the coordination of movements, muscle movements, smell, physical reactions and personality.

Hypothalamus is the region of the brain in association with the pituitary gland, which controls the hormonal processes of the organization, as well as temperature, mood, hunger and thirst.

Meningitis are the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Flowing from this tissue tumor called meningioma.

motor cortex is an area in the middle of the upper part of the brain that helps control movement in various parts of the body.

occipital lobe of the cerebral hemisphere is at the back of the head and vision.

optic chiasm is located in the hypothalamus and the optic nerve which passes on the opposite side of the brain.

parietal lobe is one of the four lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. Orders tactile sensations in response to internal stimuli, sensory comprehension of language, reading, and certain visual functions.

The pineal gland controls the response to light and darkness. The exact role of the pineal gland is not certain.

The pituitary is a small body size of beans, which is located at the base of the brain and is connected to the hypothalamus by a stalk. Pituitary secretes several important hormones, growth and sexual maturation.

sensory cortex is located in front of the parietal lobe, or in other words, the central area of the brain. sensory cortex receives information from the spinal cord to touch, pressure, pain, perception of body position and movements.

Time is one of the four lobes of the cerebral hemisphere cerebral hemisphere. Controls the sound and visual memory, language, some hearing and speech, language, and some behaviors.

Hills is located near the center of the brain and control the entry and exit to and from the brain and the sensation of pain and attention.

The four chambers of the brain are linked to defects in the brain where cerebrospinal fluid is produced.

Wernicke's area is part of the temporal lobe surrounding the auditory cortex and is considered essential to understanding and making speeches. Damage to Wernicke's area causes deficits in understanding spoken language.

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Parts and Functions of Our Brains

Bark (Brain)

Cortex, or brain, consists of two hemispheres (or wall) connected to the band of tissue called the corpus callosum. These hemispheres control speech, intelligence and memory. There are special centers for specific functions such as call center governs the ability to create sounds in words meaning, expressions, etc.

Left Hemisphere

The left hemisphere "on the right side of the body. It controls speech, comprehension, arithmetic, and writing.

Right Hemisphere

The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body. He is responsible for more abstract skills such as creativity, spatial ability and artistic and musical skills.

Each hemisphere is divided into lobes. (In this example, the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, sensory motor and the Gaza Strip are the parts that make up the cortex).

Frontal Lobe

Frontal lobe is in front of the brain behind the forehead. It is the center of the sentence, reasoning, personality, motivation and inhibition of impulses. It also plays a role in controlling emotions, social skills and expressive language.

Parietal Lobe

Parietal lobe is located just behind the frontal lobe. He is responsible for receiving and processing of sensations of touch (eg, pain, heat, cold, pressure, size, shape and texture). Analyze information in conjunction with the five senses. It is also closely associated with the writing and the mastery of speech.

Temporal Lobe

Temporal lobe is located next to the frontal and parietal lobes, just above the ear. It is the center of hearing, taste and smell. He is also involved in obtaining information and auditory memory.

Occipital Lobe

Occipital lobe is located behind the parietal and temporal cortex. Damage in this area can affect vision, such as perception and understanding of visual information.

Cerebellum

Cerebellum is located below the cerebral cortex at the back of the skull. Is smaller than the bark. Its task is to communicate and coordinate the signals from the cortex. also controls voluntary muscle movement, balance, posture and movement coordination.

Brainstem

Brainstem is the cerebellum and cerebral cortex. It connects the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex. Its role is to transmit messages back and forth between different parts of the body and the cerebral cortex.

Brainstem coordinates bodily functions such as breathing, blood pressure and pulse. It also contains the reticular formation, which is responsible for consciousness, drowsiness and attention. Brainstem is 12 cranial nerves.

These nerves control smell, hearing, vision, eye movement, facial sensations, taste and swallowing. Controlling the movements of facial muscles, neck, shoulders, and tongue.

Damage to one of these areas can have an impact on the areas it controls. However, there are no two similar injuries. It is important to note that all sectors will be affected, brain damage can be localized and very specific areas may be limited. Above is only for a brief overview of the different areas of the brain and control. It is impossible to generalize, which relate to the control centers in the survival of brain damage, without a large number of medical observation and long term.

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How To Spread Disease Encephalitis

What is encephalitis?

Encephalitis, or inflammation of brain tissue, is rare, affecting about 1 to 200,000 people each year in the United States. When hit, it can be very serious, causing personality changes, seizures, weakness and other symptoms depending on the part relates to the brain. Children, the elderly and people with weakened immune systems are most vulnerable. This is usually caused by one of many viral infections, so it is sometimes called viral encephalitis.

Many people who have fully recovered the brain. The most appropriate treatment for the patient and the possibility of return depends on the relevant virus and the severity of inflammation.

In acute encephalitis, a more common among infants, infection, directly affect brain cells. In parainfectious encephalitis, inflammation of the brain form most frequently in adults, the brain and spinal cord are inflamed within 1-2 weeks after a viral infection or bacterial infection.

What are the causes?

Viral encephalitis can occur during or after infection with many viral diseases, including influenza, herpes, measles, mumps, rubella, rabies, varicella and arbovirus infection, including West Nile virus.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 is a cause more frequent and severe viral encephalitis. Encephalitis associated with herpes can become rapidly and can cause seizures or mental status changes, and even lead to coma and death. Occurs when the herpes simplex type I, the virus travels to the brain, rather than go through the body to the surface of the skin and produces its most common symptom, herpes. Early diagnosis and treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis can be life saving. There are more susceptible to encephalitis, if you have herpes.

Arbovirus brain, is another form of viral encephalitis. This is caused by different viruses that are carried by arthropods, including insects (eg mosquitoes) and arachnids (eg ticks). Unlike herpes, seasonality of arboviral infections occur mainly in summer and early fall, and are concentrated in specific regions, as in the case of encephalitis in St.

In rare cases, bacterial, fungal, parasitic, or rickettsial cause inflammation of the brain. Cancer, and even exposure to certain drugs or toxins can cause inflammation of the brain.

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Cause of Frequent Headache Attack Us

Fix the different attributes of pain. If a child himself at night, she wept and said: "It is a pain." Her mother may ask: "where it hurts, baby?" Think of it as two different approaches to pain - "motivational-affective component that is phylogenetically primitive, and the pain, nothing bad happened to be avoided, and changes recently acquired" sensory / discriminative ability to see exactly where the pain is and react appropriately. How to examine the complex structures involved in our recognition and reaction to pain, it seems that we can easily classify them into two groups, those relating to the answer to pain, discomfort, and those who are associated with sensory / discriminatory aspects of pain. We will systematically apply color code paths of these two "types" of pain.

Pain in the cortex

It was said that the structure of the crust are only tangentially involved in the perception of pain, if at all. This is obviously very stupid, the number of connections linking higher cortical structures of testicular pain in the middle of the hill and the brainstem. Bark The main players:

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  Primary sensory cortex, S
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  Secondary sensory cortex, SII
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  The front part of the insulation
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  Cingulate gyrus.

The next three photos clearly show their location - SI refers to the location of pain, while three other structures are considered to be related to emotional and motivational aspects, which from now because of the brevity we will call "emotional" pain, Although the "pain" pain may be a better word!

 The human brain viewed from the side, showing sensory cortex SI and SII. SI is a thin band consists of Brodman areas 3,1 and 2 to the rear of the central sulcus, and SII lies just above the lateral sulcus.

Temporal lobe was removed to reveal the insulation in all its splendor

- The front part is probably related to the perception of pain.

Then look at the medial side of the world, showing the cingulate gyrus.

The front part of the cingulate gyrus is important in the perception of "emotional" pain.

Thalamus

Thalamus is a "switching station" in the brain. Several of his many nuclei are associated with pain. lateral nucleus primarily sensory / discriminatory aspects, the median those "emotional" pain. Since the hill is so complex three-dimensional structure is very difficult to visualize. Therefore, the supposed "build" of the medial (adding the kernel) in the diagram below (the direction of the arrow):

Add a poorly defined medial nucleus of the midline. Plonk the side of those that we have on the dorsomedial nucleus (DM), and transmit the anterior nucleus (ANT).

Internal borders nucleus dorsal medullary lamina on the side, and separates them from the front of the testicles. The internal medullary lamina are the intralaminar nuclei, including centro (cm) and the nucleus centrolateral.

Lateral internal medullary lamina (IML) is the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and prior to this is the ventral anterior nucleus (VA).

More on the side of the back, we have (LD), lateral posterior (LP), ventral lateral (VL) and ventral posterolateral nuclei. Pulvinar (gray) is located at the rear.

Beware of discrete midline nuclei - the first group that came as the "construction" hill. These include:

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  Reuniens nucleus
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  Rhomboid nucleus
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  Nucleus submedius

Although it is difficult to identify and taboo in most neuroanatomy texts, these nuclei, particularly submedius, it can be very important in the perception of pain.

via anaesthetist