How The Occurrence of Cough Process

The cough reflex is triggered by stimulation of sensory nerves in the lining of the airways - the tubes we use to breathe.

                                                                  figure via ucalgary

When a person coughs, shortness of breath and no consumption of the larynx (voice box) is currently closed. Abdominal and chest muscles used for breathing contract, which increases the pressure needed to drive air into the lungs when the larynx re-opens.

Following a breath of air comes out at high speed, street cleaning and removing dust, dirt or excessive secretions. Coughing is a symptom when the airways are 'tight', as in asthma.

Cough reflex is an important defense mechanisms of the body. Normally, the lungs and lower airways are sterile. If dust and dirt from entering the lungs can become a breeding ground for bacteria and cause pneumonia or respiratory infection in the tube.

What Causes Coughing?

Coughing usually means there is something in the airways, which should not be there. This may be caused by the inhalation of dust particles in the air or a piece of food down the wrong way.

It may also be a sign that the infection in the lungs that makes the airways produce mucus.

Cough Can Be Caused by:

• Cold, which is a common cause of acute cough which generally within three weeks.
• Material inlet of the breath paragraph.
• serious illnesses like pneumonia, heart failure or acute pulmonary embolism (blood clot in blood vessels in the lungs).
• Smoking, which causes a chronic cough (smoker's lung).
• Asthma - particularly among children who can not cough and show no wheezing.
• Stomach acid backs up into the esophagus and spill into the trachea (GERD).
• Medicines used in heart disease called ACE inhibitors.
• Bacterial or viral infection in the lungs, for example, acute bronchitis, pneumonia, whooping cough, croup in children.
• Rarely coughing can be caused by mental illness.
• Damage to the nerves that innervate the vocal cords (the chordpalsy voice) and a chronic cough may occur.

The cough is most effective if it is preceded by a full intake of air.

For this reason, patients with muscle weakness, poor coordination of airway closure and reopening, or airway obstruction (as in COPD) have a poor cough and be susceptible to complications, including infections lower respiratory tract and pneumonia.

How to treat coughs?

Coughing is a symptom, not disease. It is a cause of cough should be considered.

Please consult your doctor if any of the following symptoms accompany a cough, it is possible that the causes can be examined and treated if needed:

• Coughing up phlegm that is green, rusty brown, yellow, or bloody odor strength
• Chest pain
• Difficulty breathing or wheezing
• Calf pain and swelling
• Repeated coughing in the night
• Whooping cough or croup
• Smoking worsening cough
• Sudden weight loss
• Fever and sweating
• Chronic cough hoarse voice that does not disappear spontaneously.

If you can not, but you have a cough, problems arise since. Similarly, when coughing is painful (for example, a broken rib), patients do not seek to cough and it can be dangerous.

ineffective airway can cause pneumonia and lung infections as possible. In these circumstances, the pain medication may be useful to allow effective monitoring of a cough.

Infection Airways

Respiratory infections in the tubes can be caused by bacteria and viruses, but the most common cause in children is a virus. Bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics, viral infections, but can not.

Vaccination significantly reduced the incidence of pertussis (whooping cough), but if it is diagnosed, antibiotic treatment with a macrolide antibiotic such as erythromycin decreases the severity of the disease in the first week of treatment.

Asthma

Asthma may cause coughing without wheezing. This seems to be worse at night, disrupting sleep. This may be the first symptom of asthma in children, or a warning sign that asthma is worsening or inadequately controlled. Conventional treatment of asthma with inhaled anti-inflammatory and pain prevention usually relieve cough, which is due to asthma.

However, metered dose inhaler may even induce a cough, and may need to use a large volume spacer device or inhaler powder instead.

Gastro-Oesophageal

The gastroesophageal reflux requires treatment with antacids to neutralize stomach acid or H2 receptor antagonists or inhibitors of the proton pump to reduce gastric acid production.

Smoking

Waiver of cigarettes to reduce or remove the smoker's cough "in 94 percent of people over four weeks.

ACE inhibitors

If an ACE inhibitor causes cough, crossing replacement therapy as an antagonist of angiotensin II will help.

How effective are cough medicines cons?

In cases where the cough is particularly annoying but not life threatening, a simple cough mixture may be useful. There are many prescription drugs that can be useful in such circumstances.

Given this is justified when there is no particular reason to suspect a serious underlying disease, such as the symptoms mentioned above. Ask your pharmacist for advice on which many resources available on the counter cough is good for you.

Production of the chest, coughing, phlegm, which is coughed, should be treated with an expectorant cough syrup cons to help loosen mucus and help you cough in the airways. Expectorants contain ingredients such as guaifenesin, ipecachuana or ammonium citrate.

nonproductive cough, dry or irritating Tickly, not coughed phlegm can be treated with cough medicine to reduce the cough reflex. Cough pholcodine filters, dextromethorphan and codeine. Other simple cough linctus filters, glycerine, lemon and honey, and the mantle, which soften the back of the throat.

Antihistamines such as diphenhydramine and promethazine reduce the cough reflex, nasal secretions and dry, which may be useful for coughs that are caused by postnasal drip (mucus running down the back of the throat) or are associated cold.

Ipratropium bromide nasal spray also reduces watery nasal secretions that can cause postnasal drip and help the cough.

Some measures also include coughing, sympathomimetics such as ephedrine, their effects on relaxation and breathing and decongestants may be useful if you have a stuffy nose and cough.

Patients should not be treated with a mixture of cough for more than two weeks. If the cough persists, a visit to the doctor is definitely required - informed medical help identify causes and provide treatment.

What if a Child has a Cough?

Older children and adults usually have an idea whether their cough is caused by foreign objects, dust, smoke particles, or a respiratory infection in the tube. controls show clinical signs that may indicate a specific cause.

If the cough of a young child, parents must be able to tell whether the cough is a symptom of the disease, if their child has a foreign body in the airways.

• 
  
  If your child also has fever or cold, cough is a symptom of infection. If nothing else seems to be wrong, wait for the cough to do. If the cough lasts more than a few days, consult a physician.
• 
  
  In the meantime, if you want to give your child medications to help relieve cough, it is preferable to use a simple cough syrup containing glycerol, honey or lemon. Other nonprescription cough and cold remedies cons are no longer recommended for children under six years, because there is no evidence that they work and can cause side effects such as allergic reactions, sleep disturbances and hallucinations. For children over six years, against cough and cold medicines are not yet available in pharmacies - ask your pharmacist. Each drug should be administered with caution to be administered by spoon or measuring device supplied to ensure the maximum is not exceeded.
• 
  
  Avoid using more than one cough and cold at the same time during the treatment of symptoms of the child. Various drugs can contain the same active ingredient (s) and using more than one may cause more than maximum recommended dose (s). Ask your pharmacist for more information.
• 
  
  When it comes suddenly and is coughing very strong, the child may have swallowed something that causes coughing. This can be life threatening for your child can suffocate. Lift your baby's legs down, so that their points of the head, then slap them back cupped hand. If this does not work, call an ambulance immediately.
• 
  
  If at any time your child seems very ill, you should contact the emergency doctor immediately.
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The Diagnosis of Chronic Cough

If you suffer from a chronic cough, the test should be conducted to determine the cause.

• After the initial assessment, the radiograph is taken to ensure that serious diseases like lung cancer and tuberculosis (TB) are unlikely.
• Blood tests and skin are of little use, but may reveal trends in allergy.
• Sputum (phlegm) examination for bacteria, cancer cells and tuberculosis can be controlled with noninvasive cardiac tests such as ECG, echocardiography, or even.
• In difficult cases, additional tests may be considered, including the optic bronchoscopy, CT of the chest and sinuses, and even inhalation of methacholine or esophageal pH monitoring. They are only available in special centers.

Is this factor is responsible for chronic cough can be determined to treat the specific cause achieves a benefit for the patient.

But it is often more of a cough why a treatment is only one element can not completely alleviate the symptoms. It is frustrating for you and your medical advisor.

In this case, the gradual and incremental approach is appropriate. question begins focusing on the treatment and evaluation of results.

If this is not partial but incomplete response, other treatments tried in turn. Ultimately, the majority of the cough can be effectively managed in this way.

If treatment is ineffective without a real chance to work - for example in the case of lung cancer at advanced stage, the use of filters, a strong cough can be justified.

via netdoctor

Pleura Effusion - Disturbance In Lung Organ

Introduction

Normally a very small amount of fluid in the pleural cavity are present in the pleural fluid is not detectable by conventional methods. When there are disruptions, excess pleural fluid may accumulate and cause pulmonary symptoms. In short, a pleural effusion occurs when fluid is higher than the rate of construction of liquids. After symptomatic pleural effusion is not clear, the determination of diagnostic needs.

                                                               figure via intensivecare

Signs and Symptoms

chest pain, chest tightness, shortness of breath and cough are common symptoms of pleural effusion. The pain may occur with little formation fluid that the symptom is associated with intense inflammation of the pleural surface. pressure in the chest does not generally occur in the pleura in a moderate (500-1500 mL) to large (> 1500 ml) category. Dyspnea is rarely small, unless a large pleural effusion is present, and often the patient complains of shortness of breath, pleural is the most a quarter of the mediastinum in the chest x-ray opposite. The cough is usually associated with associated atelectasis, which to some extent, pleural effusion accompanied by all. Classic physical conditions in the pleural effusion can occur during the startup of more than 500 ml and it reduces breathing sounds, boring drums, decreased tactile and vocal tremor, and sometimes pleural rub. In contrast, pneumonia and atelectasis, itch with isolated pleural effusion.

Noninvasive Diagnostic

In the presence of pleural effusion is suspected by physical examination, confirmation of the chest radiograph is not necessary. Some of the pleural effusion, especially subpulmonic location (the lower lung, but most of the hemidiaphragm), lateral decubitus film is generally confirms the presence of liquid. pleural ultrasonography is useful to locate a small quantity or single compartmentalized pockets of liquid. Chest can be performed simultaneously using ultrasound guidance. The CT scan is very useful in distinguishing disease of the pleura and parenchyma and thickening of the pleura may show calcification of the pleura, or pleural based masses partitioned fluid collections.

Thoracic and Pleural Fluid Analysis

To determine the etiology of chest should usually be made. Fifty to 100 ml of fluid are usually removed and sent for analysis (see Table 14). Everybody should be used in outpouring, but if the patient has no obvious cause of clinical effusion is a fever, or pulmonary compromise, eliminating the liquid. The first step is to determine if the fluid is a transudate or exudate. transudative effusion occurs when systemic factors that influence the creation and absorption of pleural fluid are the changes (eg, low serum proteins and increased pulmonary venous pressure). exudative effusions occur when local factors that influence the creation and absorption change of fluid (such as infections and cancers). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), protein concentration or density of liquid able to distinguish between these two. Most agree that states must meet one or more of the following criteria, but do not meet transudates:

Pleural Fluid Serum Proteins /> 0.5 or Absolute Value & gt; 3 g / dl.

pleural fluid / serum LDH> 0.6 or absolute value> 0.45 upper limit of normal serum

Pleural fluid density> 1.018

When effusion is classified as transudative or exudative narrow etiological considerations. pleural fluid in additional studies that help establish a diagnosis is glucose, amylase, WBC with differential, testing and cytology and microbiology.

Effusion Etiology

Transudate: Causes of transudative pleural effusion are listed in Table 15th

Congestive Heart Failure:

This is the most common cause of pleural effusion. Often effusions are bilateral (approximately 75% of the time), but can occur on both sides of the line is more frequent. The fluid is usually straw-colored, with low white blood cell count (<500 cells / mm 3) and the predominance of mononuclear cells. In cases of severe congestive heart failure, fluid may persist despite vigorous diuresis. liver cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, lung and liver: In disorders associated with low serum proteins and ascites, bilateral effusions are common. blood cells are low and dominated by lymphocytes. Glucose is normal (> 60 mg / dl). Hepatic hydrothorax occurs in about 5% of patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Effusion occurs (usually on the right side) because of the direct flow of peritoneal fluid through messages in the hemidiaphragm.

Lifts:

Causes of exudative pleural effusion are listed in Table 16 The most common causes of exudative pleural effusions are parapneumonic (associated pneumonia), malignancy, pulmonary embolism, trauma (including perforation esophagus and hemothorax), a systemic inflammatory disease (rheumatoid arthritis in particular), after cardiac injury (including surgery), tuberculosis, trapped lung atelectasis. Pleural fluid properties are listed in Table 17

Effusion Parapneumonic:

Bacterial pneumonia is often associated with pleural effusion (as often as 50% of the time), and when they become complex and require drainage. Is a complex parapneumonic effusions empyema (crude oil found in the pleural cavity), these positive culture of pleural fluid or Gram, and those in which microbiology is negative but the patient continues to show signs of infection by fever, pleural pain, and leukocytosis. In the latter category of pleural fluid usually shows a high number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with advantage, glucose <30 mg / dl, and high LDH (> 500 U / dl). Complicated parapneumonic effusions require drainage tube thoracoscopy. Pneumonia patients with a small amount of fluid in the pleura and is currently a clinical response to treatment with antibiotics (currently afebrile pleural pain is not a normal number of white blood cells), does not require the chest. However, the rapid accumulation of fluid in the pleura in a patient with pneumonia is an indication for an immediate chest.

Malignant Effusion:

Malignant tumor is the second most common cause of exudative pleural effusion of lung (36%), breast (25%) and lymphomas (10%) is the most common cause. Typical features include fluid in the pleural effusion mononuclear main (approximately 2500 cells / mm 3), with an average number of red blood cells 40,000 / mm 3, normal glucose (> 60mg/dl) and a positive cytology. At the time of diagnosis one third of patients with low pleural fluid glucose (<60mg/dl), which is associated with more advanced disease and poor prognosis. School effusion of pulmonary embolism: bleeding generally leaky, and associated with pleurisy, and dyspnea. Effusion may increase the size of the first 24-48 hours after initial anticoagulation. Unless there is significant compromise pulmonary effusion is still increasing, the effusion can be observed. There are reports of transudative effusion associated with pulmonary embolism, but atelectasis secondary to splinting of the pleura is a more likely cause. Tuberculous Effusion: Exudate Usually mainly lymphocyte is devoid of mesothelial cells and can occur without any apparent involvement of the flesh. Glucose may be low (<60 mg / dl) and the concentration of adenosine deaminase is generally high (> 70 IU / l). Historically, in the absence of host resistance, pleural fluid smears are rarely positive, but the pleural fluid cultures were positive in 25%. However, thoracoscopic pleural biopsy and culture positive for more than 80% of the time. Originally a tuberculin skin test (TST) may be negative, but after 6 to 8 weeks of observation time is usually converted into a positive. tuberculous pleurisy, although developed in the context of primary infection of the disease spontaneously, without treatment removes up to 65% of these patients, pulmonary tuberculosis or other diseases develop within 5 years. If all the tests, including the Mantoux test is negative, but a pleural tuberculosis is suspected, repeat the TST and should be done if the patient needs a period of six months of multidrug therapy positive.

Effusions secondary collagen vascular disease: effusion secondary to rheumatoid arthritis are mainly extracted from mononuclear cells, usually from a very low level of glucose (<10mg/dl), titers of rheumatoid factor (> 640) and Poor appearance (cholesterol or effusion pseudochylous). They are usually of moderate size and biased. In lupus erythematosus effusions are usually small, two-and neutrophils are extracted. Determination of ANA securities exceeding the serum diagnosis. severe inflammation of the pleura is common.

Miscellaneous:

Atelectasis is a common cause of low to moderate exudate. Often seen after surgery or prolonged bed rest and inactivity. There is no unique diagnostic and exudations exudative, they are usually classified according to the criteria, have normal blood sugar levels and white blood cell count of 1000-2000 cells / mm 3 with predominance of mononuclear cells. Transudate may occur from atelectasis. As this is a diagnosis of exclusion of other causes of pleural effusion should be eliminated. rupture of the esophagus and pancreas to produce predominantly polymorphonuclear pleural effusion with high amylase activity and glucose levels normal or low (<30 mg / dl) values. Chylothorax occurs when the thoracic duct is disrupted and characterized by the presence of chylomicrons and triglyceride values> 110 mg / dl in the pleural fluid. Lymphoma, trauma, thoracic surgery and are the most common cause of chylothorax. Dressler's syndrome may occur as a complication of myocardial infarction or open heart surgery, the fluid in the pleura effusion exhibits a predominantly neutrophils without definite conclusions. The trapped lung (which can not fully develop secondary visceral pleural peel), and pleural effusion fluid fills the pleural cavity and the fluid properties depend on the etiology (eg, cancer and parapneumonic, trauma) .

The Diagnostic Thoracoscopy and Pleural Biopsy

Thoracoscopy is an excellent technique to determine the etiology of exudative pleural effusion undiagnosed. This procedure is better than the old techniques of closed pleural biopsy because of high diagnostic yield. rigid thoracoscope with a cold light source is used and the second entry point is required to provide access to the biopsy forceps in the pleural cavity. This technique is still the most useful in the diagnosis of malignant effusions (including disease), pulmonary tuberculosis and imprisoned.

When I ask

According to local medical practice, a reference to determine if the chest is needed and the breast may be most appropriate. Because some imaging techniques, including ultrasound and CT scan may be necessary for the coordination and implementation of chest tubes in the chest, refer to connect these efforts is shown. In patients with persistent and undiagnosed pleural effusion, pleural or terminally ill with pneumonia, the call is to facilitate early diagnosis and therapeutic measures are recommended. This includes evaluation of thoracoscopy, the thoracic drain and pleurodesis.

Medico-Legal Concerns

The cases most forensic about the disease of the pleura are usually associated with complications that arise in the following situations: 1) lack of proper monitoring (eg, complicated parapneumonic effusion fibrothorax reason), 2) the absence of a system where doctors do not receive valid data (eg., a positive culture of tuberculosis in eight weeks), 3) loss to identify life-threatening events such as pulmonary embolism. Always, always keep track of pleural fluid cultures and cytology.

via nlhep

Our Respiratory System And The Parts That We Have To Know

People are the lungs of the respiratory system.

Lung

There is a pair of lungs in the thoracic cavity - the left lung and right lung. left lung is slightly smaller (because of the heart, which is slightly to the left of the body) and has two lobes and the right lung is larger with three lobes. They are spongy and flexible bodies, which are wide at the base and the upper cone. They consist of a bubble, and alveolitis. Many groups of bubbles and open to the common area. From this point seems to alveolar ducts, which form a branch. Connect them to the junction of the airways. The blood vessels of the lungs, which are branches of the pulmonary artery and veins.

Each lung is surrounded by two membranes called the outer and inner membrane of the pleura. Membranes include space called the pleural cavity which contains the liquid. The lungs are able to expand and contract, because they are flexible members. Lubrication free movement by the fluid in the pleural cavity.

Thoracic consists of 12 pairs of ribs and intercostal muscles, which are attached to the ribs. Thick membranous structure is lower in the lungs and diaphragm separates the chest from the abdomen.

Respiratory

In addition to the lungs, is related to many organs and structures, which together form the respiratory system. The respiratory system is closely linked with the cardiovascular system, such as gas transport takes place through the blood.

Structure

Respiratory system starts with the nose, which included the nasal cavity. Opening to the outside of the nasal cavity through openings called nostrils. nasal cavity is divided into two parts by the septal cartilage and surrounded by fine hairs, filter dust particles from the air. The nasal cavity is separated from the mouth of hard and soft palate, which form the floor. Opens in a region called the throat.

Gorge is common to both food and air. This allows air to flow more air and allows each application when the nose is blocked. Throat still strong.

Glottis is narrow opening in the larynx. It is guarded by a flap of tissue called the epiglottis. A few folds of elastic connective tissue are integrated in the rear end of the glottis. They are called the vocal cords. Develop in the larynx.

Larynx

is also called the voicebox. The stretch cords in the larynx and vibrating when air passes through them. This vibration produces different sounds.

Airway also contributes to the production of sound. Part of the road, performing the functions of the larynx or throat. It has several folds of elastic connective tissue called the vocal cords. Extends from the rear of the throat at the end of the larynx. As air passes through the larynx, the son of vibration and sound production.

coordinated movement of the lips, cheeks, tongue and jaw to produce specific sounds, which led to the floor. Language is a possibility that only people who are gifted and is one of the characteristics that put a man on top of the tree of evolution.

Larynx is held open by cartilage. Apple "Adam" is a cartilage in laryngeal view. Larynx, trachea, even as the strings.

Trachea

is also called the trachea. Trachea is maintained by cartilaginous rings in the shape of C. The open ends of the rings in the direction of the esophagus, also known as foodpipe. Trachea is located in front of the esophagus. Cartilage to keep the larynx and trachea from collapsing, even when there is no air in them. Trachea, then branch into two main branches called bronchi.

Each bronchus is also supported by cartilaginous rings. Bronchi then ramify into several branches. Cartilage branching gradually lost as they become closer. End of branching, as it is called vesicular tubular son purposes.

Each duct opens the bag to the alveoli. air sac is expanded in the region in which a group of bubbles or bubble open.

Each cell is similar to the structure of cushion covered with a single layer of epithelial cells. Linked to the outside through a network of capillaries. All alveolitis one side are closed by a membrane called the pleura is the membrane of the lung.

pulmonary artery of the heart contains impure blood enters the lungs and branches in the minutes of the capillaries surrounding the follicles. These then connect to the pulmonary vein that carries blood to the heart purified.

Way, inhalation of air

The composition of the air we breathe in are:

Nitrogen - 78%

Oxygen - 21%

Carbon dioxide - 0.03 - 0.04%

Hydrogen - traces

Noble gases - traces

In this way air naturally contains more oxygen than carbon dioxide. This oxygen-rich air will be taken through the nostrils. The nasal cavity is filtered by the hair. Cavity also has a diet rich in blood vessels that prevent the warm air. This air then enters the pharynx, larynx, and then, and then to the trachea.

Trachea and bronchi are covered with ciliated epithelial cells and secretory cells (goblet cells). The secretory cells secrete mucus which moistens the air passes through the digestive Repiratory trap any small particles of dust and bacteria, which were omitted in the hair of the nasal cavity. Cilia beat to move upward so that the particles of mucus is sent to the base of the mouth, where it can be swallowed or spit.

Air then enters the bronchial tubes and bubbles. Bubbles form on the surface of human lung.

Gas Exchange

Follicular capillaries lining the blood is impure, which has a low oxygen concentration. Thus, the oxygen from the air diffuses easily into the blood by a thin alveolar wall barrier. Similarly, because the concentration of carbon dioxide is very high in the blood, the gas can easily dispersed in the alveolar space. Therefore, the air has a relatively higher concentration of carbon dioxide than the air entering her letter to the lungs.

via tutorvista

About Asthma That We Have To Know

Asthma (AZ-MA) is a chronic (long term) lung disease, inflammation and narrowing of the airways. Asthma causes recurring periods of wheezing (a whistling sound when breathing), chest tightness, shortness of breath and coughing. Coughing often occurs at night or early morning.

Asthma affects people of all ages, but most often begins in childhood. In the U.S., more than 22 million people are known to have asthma. Nearly 6 million of these people are children.

Review

Airways are tubes that carry air to and from the lungs. People who suffer from asthma and airway inflammation. This makes the airway swelling and very sensitive. Tend to react strongly to certain substances, which breathed in.

Respond when the airways, the muscles around the tightened. This causes narrowing of airways and airflow to the lungs. Swelling may also worsen, which even closer Airways. The cells in the airways may have more mucus than usual. Mucus is a viscous, dense, it can further reduce the airway.

This chain reaction can cause symptoms of asthma. Symptoms can be every time the airways are irritated.

Asthma

The figure shows the location of the lungs and airways in the body. Figure B shows a normal section Airways. Figure C shows the cross section of the airways in asthma.

Sometimes symptoms are mild and disappear spontaneously or after minimal treatment of asthma. Other times, symptoms continue to worsen. When the symptoms become more intense and / or other symptoms, it is an asthma attack. Also called asthma attacks or exacerbations are flare-ups.

Important to treat symptoms when they first notice. This will prevent the deterioration of symptoms and causes of severe asthma attacks. severe asthma attacks may require emergency assistance, and can cause death.

Perspective

Asthma has no cure. Even if you feel well, you still have the disease and can explode at any time.

But with today's knowledge and treatment, most people with asthma are able to manage the disease. They have little or no symptoms. Can live a normal life, active and sleep at night without interruption of asthma.

For an effective, full medical and continuously play an active role in managing the disease. Building a strong partnership with your doctor and other doctors in the health care team.

via nhlbi.nih.gov

Cause of The Disease Bronchitis

Most cases of acute bronchitis a few days of coughing, which may have been weeks. Patients who smoke are exposed to the disease than those who did not. Most patients seek medical help in case of bronchitis. It is sometimes necessary and sometimes not. However, the difference between the need can be difficult. Bronchitis usually sets in after a cold, after coughing and reduction of nasal congestion.

Bronchitis is very common. Most people experience the disease at least five times in my life, in most cases disappears in a few weeks after the start. However, some people develop pneumonia several times a year. These cases, they require close medical attention.

The most obvious symptoms of acute bronchitis is a cough that produces mucus is yellow or greenish. Any mucosa, which is not white or light is usually a sign of infection. Any cough that leads to excessive membrane staining of more than three months is chronic bronchitis. Pain, choking or burning sensation in the chest, sore throat, chest congestion, full of berries, wheezing, shortness of breath, fever, chills, fatigue and malaise, and symptoms are related to bronchitis.

The same virus that struck in patients suffering from common cold is the same virus that struck in patients suffering from bronchitis, which is usually why many patients take it after I was cold. However, cigarette smoke (second hand or first hand) and pollution can also cause bronchitis. Bronchitis can be caused by acid reflux into the stomach, commonly called GERD. In some cases, if the irritant causes inflammation of the bronchi, the situation will not be clear until the patient does not feel the effects of the environment.

Risk factors include low turnover bronchitis caused by a previous illness, poor diet, or by virtue of the immune system develops, GERD and chronic exposure to certain irritants.

People who smoke or who live with smokers develop bronchitis nearly ten times more likely than households without smoking. Children who are chronically exposed to secondhand smoke develop bronchitis regular and frequent development of chronic bronchitis.

X-ray and sputum culture are commonly used in the diagnostic process after a thorough medical examination. It is not unusual for doctors to be able to determine immediately that they hear the cough of bronchitis, even before the patient says.

Most of the time, the risk of complications is very limited. However, infants, smokers, the elderly, and each point in the context of a weakened immune system or the state of health may develop pneumonia. The repeated attacks of bronchitis is often a key sign of another health problem or work environment or harmful to health at home. Patients should consult their doctor if they can not shake the pneumonia in three months, or if more than two cases per year.

Most treatment options are limited. Patients should receive plenty of rest, drink plenty of fluids, and rely on medication, cough, ease their discomfort. When asthma is already present, inhaler and a prescription for a cough may be in order. Patients who can not find help within 48 hours, please contact your physician for more aggressive treatment. Antibiotics are useless against pneumonia and should not be necessary.

Preventing pneumonia is not always possible. However, avoiding the smoke first and second-hand, who live and work in an environment free of irritants, the annual vaccination against influenza, and using hand sanitizers can reduce the chances of bronchitis. Environments that are wet and dirty in combination with tobacco smoke can increase the likelihood that the patient feels bronchitis.

Use a humidifier in the room of a patient may help relieve some symptoms. much sleep is necessary to heal the body and fight the virus. Some patients find that irritants such as cigarette smoke, allergens, dust and hair, and her symptoms worse. The use of nonprescription drugs, is recommended for most cases of bronchitis. Prescription cough syrup against drugs often help to relieve the sensation in the chest is compressed, and the feeling of being able to breathe. Inhalers may also help open the airways.

via medical-look